2017年學位英語挑錯練習題解題方法
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在三種英語從句中,名詞從句與副詞從句用得較多,錯誤也較少。形容詞從句用得較少,但卻最易犯錯,尤其是下列四種錯法:
㈠重複形容詞中的賓語。例如:
*① The essay which John wrote it yesterday got a good grade.
*② Do you know the name of the man whom the police are looking for him?
在①裡的形容詞從句中的"it"和②裡的"him"都是重複的賓語,因為這兩個賓語已經由關係代詞"which"和"whom"接管了。因此,"it"和"him"是多餘的,必須去掉。
㈡關係代詞或關係副詞不對。例如:
*③ This is the dog who ate up the food.
*④ Do you know the time which we must resume work?
③裡的關係代詞"who"和④裡的"which"都錯。③裡的`先行詞是一種動物,關係代詞裡"which"或"that"才對。
④裡的先行詞是“時間”,應該用關係副詞"when"才可。
㈢形容詞從句修飾的物件不符。例如:
*⑤ Malcolm finished the work and then left the office which was well-planned.
這裡的形容詞從句"which was well-planned",應該修飾名詞"the work",不是"the office",因此犯了修飾的物件不符之錯。最容易的改正方法,是使這個從句緊扣在先行詞"the work"後面,即:
⑥ Malcolm finished the work which was well-planned and then left the office.
這樣的改正雖然符合語法,但句子顯得頭重腳輕,失去平衡;對是對,但是不好。我建議重整從句,以臻“既對且好”之境。試比較 7(a),(b)和(c):
⑦a. Malcolm left the office after he had finished the work which was well-planned.
b. Malcolm left the office after having finished the work which was well-planned.
c. Malcolm finished the well-planned work and then left the office.
三句中,⑦(c)一氣呵成,短小精悍,是上選。此外,⑦(c)把形容詞從句節縮為合成形容詞(compound adjective),使句子簡練有力。這點足以證明節縮句的好處。關於節縮方法,以後再談。在瞭解節縮法之前,千萬不要隨便嘗試,以免犯錯。例如: *⑧ A sentence is made up of a subject and a predicate is called a simple sentence.
⑧裡的"is made up of a subject and a predicate"是形容詞從句"which is made up of a subject and a predicate"的節縮體,但是錯了。
根據形容詞從句的縮略規則,如果形容詞從句是被動式的話,就要把關係代詞和助動詞"be"一齊去掉:
⑨ Do you like the man who was introduced to you yesterday? → Do you like the man introduced to you yesterday?
⑩ Please fill in each of the blanks which are provided below. → Please fill in each of the blanks provided below.
⑧裡的關係代詞不見了,但是助動詞"is"還在,莫怪整句讀起來,有點不順口;因此要改一改;
A sentence made up of a subject and a predicate is called a simple sentence.
"Though the standard of living is raised, the costs of living are also increasing."