where作定語從句

　　where作定語從句：

　　關係副詞when、where、when引導定語從句的具體用法

① 先行詞表示時間、地點、原因時，在定語從句中作狀語，選擇相應的關係副詞when、where、why引導定語從句。若其在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則選擇關係代詞引導定語從句。區別三組例句：

where he lives.

a. This is the place

that/which he visited last year.

when my brother was a little boy.

b. I still remember the time

that/which we spent together.

why he was late.

c. This is the reason

that/which he gave us.

②某些非地點時間名詞有定語從句修飾，關係詞在從句中作狀語，由where引導定語從句（stage, case, point, situation）；同樣用法的'還有occasion,由when引導定語從句。

e.g. I can think of many cases where students know a lot of words but don’t write a good essay.

There are many occasions when people don’t know what they want.

　　定語從句還是狀語從句的區別

　　一、where引導定語從句時, where是關係副詞, 在從句中作地點狀語, 其前面有表示地點的先行詞, where引導的從句修飾先行詞。例如:

The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

We will start at the point where we left off.

　二、where引導狀語從句時, where是從屬連詞, where引導的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞, where前面沒有表示地點的先行詞。例如:

Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet.

Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.

I found my books where I had left them.

有時, where引導的地點狀語從句兼有抽象條件含義, 可放在主句的前面, 而where引導的定語從句則不能。例如:

Where there is a will, there is a way. 〔諺語〕有志者事竟成。

Where there is water, there is life. 有水的地方就有生命。

　　三、在有些情況下, where引導的定語從句可轉換為where引導的地點狀語從句。例如:

A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert. （＝A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert. ）在以前曾是沙漠的地方蓋起了一幢高樓。

Bam boo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. （＝Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often. ）溫暖而多雨的地方最適合於竹子生長。