整潔又好看的清明節小報圖片素材

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Qingming Festival ORIGIN(起源)

Qingming Festival, also known as Tomb-sweeping Day, is one of the 24 segments of the Chinese calendar. It normally falls on the 4th or 5th of April, between spring plowing and summer weeding, and is a time to pay respects to one's ancestors and to tidy their gravesite.

Qingming is popularly associated with Jie Zi Zhui, who lived in Shanxi province in 600 B.C. Legend has it that Jie saved his starving lord's life by serving a piece of his own leg. When the lord succeeded in becoming the ruler of a small principality, he invited his faithful follower to join him. However, Jie declined his invitation, preferring to lead a hermit's life with his mother in the mountains.

Believing that he could force Jie out by burning the mountain, the lord ordered his men to set the forest on fire. To his consternation, Jie chose to remain where he was and was burnt to death. To commemorate Jie, the lord ordered all fires in every home to be put out on the anniversary of Jie's death.

山西舊有“清明細雨催人哀，漠漠(土番)頭野花開，手端祭品肩扛鍬，都為先墳上土來”的民謠，生動地概括了時人的心情與掃墓的特點。春天，民間多修補房舍，以防夏季雨漏。由活人聯想到死人，田間墳頭經過風吹雨淋，往往塌陷低落。清明時節上墳，最大的特點就是剷除墳頭雜草，用新土將墳堆加高加固，習慣稱為整修陰宅，表現了兒孫對先人的哀思。

山西南部地區，人家不論貴賤貧富，上墳時男女都到，表示所有後代都在懷念祖先。北部地區上墳多是男子的事情，婦女一般不到墳瑩。大同、平遙等地，是日傍晚，舊俗婦女們要在大門外放聲大哭，“闔村哀聲連一片，傳入耳中都是悲”。山西南部多數地方上墳時不燃香、不化紙，要將冥錢等物懸掛墳頭，有“清明墳頭一片白”的說法。原因是寒食節習慣禁火，而清明節又在寒食節期間。山西北部多數地方卻要將冥錢等物全部燒盡，理由是不燒盡就轉不到先人手裡。大同等地又習慣白日上墳，晚上在家中焚燒冥錢冥帛。

晉西北的河曲等地，舊俗上墳要帶酒餚，祭畢祖先，便在墳地裡飲食，意寓與先人共飲共食。晉南的聞喜等地，上墳時要用嵌棗糕在墳堆上滾來滾去，傳說是為死去的老人抓癢癢。晉中的介休等地，上墳時供品為麵餅，形如盤蛇。回家後將麵餅放在院裡，吹晒乾以後再吃。老人們講究可治病，其源蓋出於寒食禁火的緣故。

晉南地區上墳後，回家時要拔些麥苗，並在門上插松枝柏葉或柳條以辟邪。晉北地區多插柳條。還有的地方，在墳上也插一些柳條。

清明節，晉南地區民間要蒸大饃，中夾核桃、紅棗、豆子之類，稱為子福。取意子孫多福，全憑祖宗保佑。家家還要做黑豆涼粉，切薄塊灌湯而食。鏟萎蕤草，在炕蓆上搓拉，名曰驅蠍。晉東南地區，人人頭上插柳枝枯葉。婦女要用描金綵勝(頭飾)貼在兩鬢。晉北地區，習慣生黑豆芽，並用玉米麵包黑豆芽餡食用。晉西北地區講究用黍米磨面作餅，俗稱“攤黃兒”，呂梁地區在清明後一天，要接女邀婿，俗稱“清新火”。